The Discovery Of America

The Discovery Of America The discovery of America is one of the most argued and controversial issues discussed today by historians and different groups of interest. Many people think that Columbus deserves the praise for the discovery of America while, others believe that he deserves no credit because when he landed on the Island there were already natural inhabitants there who had been living there for centuries. Certainly, historical scriptures show that Columbus was not the first one to step on the new world. There were other people who expedited to America, some with the aim of finding a new world and some for discovering other places. However, still in todays new world much acknowledgment is given officially to Christopher Columbus for discovering their place without recognizing that other people who visited before the new land have set the prerequisites for Columbus to continue with his search. Thus, before Columbus made the giant leap on the new world, there were already existing footprints of the Vik ings, Leif Erikson, and Prince Madoc of Wales. The Vikings society is known in the history as first notated discovery proving that Columbus wasnt the first to discover the New World. The Vikings were the oldest and largest Dark Age re-enactment society in the United Kingdom, and probably the world. Columbus discovery occurred in 1492 but, the discoveries from the Vikings go all the way back to the period of 790 to 1066. The truth about Vikings colonization of North America was uncovered in 1961 at LAnse-aux-Meadows, Newfoundland, by a team of archaeologists lead by Helge Ingstad. They unearthed the remains of a Viking settlement dated to around 1000 AD. By 1973, archaeologists had uncovered the remains of seven Viking houses, a blacksmiths shop, and a host of medieval artifacts, including rusty nails, fragments of iron, a small piece of smelted copper, a stone lamp, a Norse cloak pin and a spindle whorl for making wool. Radiocarbon tests dated the at least a dozen objects to about AD1000, plus or minus 70 years (Fulton, 41). Viki ng rune stones have been discovered in Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island Minnesota, Oklahoma and Massachusetts. And a rusty though perfectly good battle axe at Rocky Point, Cape Ann (Fulton, 41). Thus, it is argued that the Vikings were among the first to step on the new world that made a major impact on European history through trade, travel and, many advances in art and family life. In addition, Lefi Erikson played an important role in discovering America. To begin with, the earliest documented claim for the discovery of America belongs to a Norse Captain named Bjarni Herjolfsson. Professor Samuel Wilson of the University of Texas writes of Bjarni, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦sailed from Iceland for Greenland in search of his father. During his journey he ran into bad weather and was blown off course to a coast that did not fit the formidable mountains and glaciers of Greenland.(18). Only wanting to find his father, Bjarni corrected his course and sailed for Greenland without landing on these new shores. Gerald Parshall writes, When Bjarni finally reached Greenland, he reported the flat wooden country he had sited to Erik the Red. (3). Erik was the Norwegian explorer who discovered and colonized Greenland and the father of Leif Erikson. When Leif heard the story of the lands to the west, he bought Bjarnis boat and sailed west to explore this newfound land. As he sailed, Leif explored and named three countries: Helluland (flat stone land), a rocky and barren land, probably Baffin Island, Markland (woodland), a low forested coast, most certainly Labrador or Newfoundland. (Wilford, 4). Leif continued south along the coast perhaps as far as New England and named these lands Vinland (grassland). Many scholars believe that Columbus learned of this discovery as a young sailor on one of his voyages to Iceland on the 1460s. Finally, the late 12th century has yet another explorer claiming the discovery of a new world. In 1170, Prince Madoc of Wales made two trips to North America after the death of his father, the king of North Wales. On his second trip, he returned to the New World with ten shiploads of settlers. The most popular theory is that Madocs colonists intermarried with the Indians and eventually migrated to the Dakotas, they were known as Mandan Indians, Mandan being the corruption of Madagwys, as the followers of Prince Madoc were called (Jackson, 78). President Thomas Jefferson, no less, told Lewis and Clark to keep an eye pealed for those Welsh Indians when he sent the explorers out in 1804. And Meriweather Lewis later reported that he had found the tribe (Parshall, 3). George Catlin, the American artist who lived with the Mandans for part of 1832, was persuaded that they were Madocs people by their fair complexion, blue and gray eyes, language parallels, and similarities in the round wicke r boats favored by both the Mandan and Welsh tribes (Jackson, 78). The story was considered as fact in many American book and also different events and memorials were built on this chronicle. To conclude, the discovery of America can be attributed to many different explorers. It was the combination of explorers and discoveries that resulted in the development of the Americas. Each of these explorers deserves to be celebrated and honored for their accomplishments. Without their combined efforts the American continent may never have become the place it is today. America was never undiscovered or forgotten as some of the Columbus supporters claim. Columbus used his knowledge of the earlier discoveries to continue previous attempts to colonize America. To attribute the whole discovery of the now promised land is not right and accurate historically. As shown above, facts tell us about discoveries of the land made before Columbus. Therefore, the history and the people should recognize all of those who contributed to the eventual creation of the new world.

Effective Communication Effective Techniques

Communication Is always Important no matter what type of organization or environment it may be. Feed back and the teams approach can determine how effective and ineffective the organization is. When the team approach technique is used communication is better, there is less barriers between each department, and the speed/quality of work usually is improved (Lombardi & Shoehorning, 2007). Feedback is always good because it allows an employee to get information about what he or she is doing right or wrong so that they can take the time to improve.In he health care field workers are always completing self-assessments, this makes the team approach technique especially good for them because they are able to Improve and then they can get with other health care workers and discuss their Ideas about what Is Important for the organization. Sharing each others Ideas and providing Important Information Is one of the most effective techniques used to run an organization successfully. There are ma ny advantages and disadvantages with a team approach.There are some people that like to work as a team, yet there are others that would rather work alone. One advantage would be getting more than one opinion about what is best for the organization. One disadvantage is competition, some people may want to try and be better than the next person instead of trying to work as a team. Working as a team can sometimes make people very frustrated because they have to rely on others. (Krebs, 2009) Ineffective techniques There are ineffective techniques as well.When working as a team there may be problems that arise, Like feedback from others may not always be taken positively which can cause Issues In the work environment (Krebs, 2009). There are also times when someone may not finish their duties leaving It for someone else to do It for them. It can be hard for some to come to the same agreement and this creates problems In the work environment. Many of the people that I worked with did not want to work as a team they wanted to do everything on their own.We had to show the managers that we were working as a team, but when they were not looking over our shoulder many of the employees did what they wanted to. This makes things very frustrating, there are so many times when someone does not take work as serious as he next person and this creates more of a work load for those that do take their Jobs serious. Ways these techniques are applied It is very important in a healthcare work environment that these techniques are applied.There are so many duties that health care workers have to do, if they take the team approach than the Job can get done without any hassles. Healthcare Jobs can get very stressful at times; it Is always good to have more than one hand doing the Jobs. Communication Is essential because a lot of mistakes can occur with paper work or any miscommunication. These techniques can be applied by developing a am memoir expertise Ana learning now to communicate as a team (Salesman, Idea, Farmer, Vetch, Rosen, & Kid, 2007).

How does Miller present ideas about reputation in A View from the Bridge? Essay

In A View from the Bridge, Miller portrays many ideas about reputation, especially in the battle for reputation between the two main men of the play, Eddie and Marco. He also showcases the way in which a failure to settle for half in maintaining one’s reputation can lead to downfall, and also portrays the way in which not conforming to stereotypes can lead to people not taking you seriously, thereby leading to a ruining of your reputation. Initially, Miller portrays reputation as a very important part of the Italian Moral Code, and showcases how ruining someone’s reputation can be punished very harshly in by Sicilian Morals. After Eddie reports on Marco, Marco is seen to say ‘In my country, he would be dead’, due to Eddie ruining Marco’s reputation, and, as Marco puts it ‘degrading my brother and removing my children’. The fact that Eddie would receive this harsh a punishment, for simply abiding by the law shows how seriously reputation is taken in Sicilian morals, and how derogatory it is for someone’s reputation to be ruined. Eddie also is shown by Miller to be concerned about his reputation, because he states that ‘Marco’s got my name’, and that ‘he gonna give it back to me in front of this neighbourhood’. This goes to shows how, in a primarily Italian community, one’s reputation can have severe implications on how someone is treated within society. This can also be seen through the narrative parallel of the story of Vinny Bolzano, who was shunned by society for informing upon his own uncle, and thereby losing his ‘reputation’. Through this, Miller portrays the importance of someone’s reputation in other cultures, and this would have been fairly striking to the contemporary American audience. Furthermore, Miller portrays how a failure to settle for half in keeping your reputation leads to downfall. Throughout the play, Marco is portrayed as settling for half, except at the end of the play, where in his opinion, he has option but to kill Eddie. When Marco has just arrived at Eddie’s house, he belittles his own reputation, saying ‘when you say go, we go’, showing how he recognises Eddie as the master of the household, and that he settles for simply being a visitor. Later in the novel however, when Eddie tries to prove his strength against Marco, Marco is said to have ‘raised the chair like a weapon over his head’. This shows how Marco is now considered as Eddie’s equal or even his superior, and hints of aggression and violence are seen due to the use of the direction ‘like a weapon’, and this could possibly be used by Marco to maintain and prove his reputation against Eddie. However, at the end of this scene, the curtains close for the interval, and it can be assumed that the incident was taken no further, showing how Marco has settled for half there. At the end of the play however, Marco outright kills Eddie, and does not settle for half, as he tries to maintain his reputation, and ruin Eddies, showing how important this reputation is to them. However, through this, Miller is possibly trying to suggest that maintaining a reputation should not be a priority, and that people should be able to settle for half. Miller also portrays the way in which one can receive a bad reputation for not following stereotypes. Eddie initially seems to aware of this issue, as he tells Rodolpho to ‘wait a minute’ while singing, showing how he is aware of the fact that his reputation will get damaged if he does not comply to the stereotype of a dockworker. In addition, Mike and Louis state how Rodolpho is seen as a ‘Paper Doll’, and how he has a ‘sense of humour’ and is always ‘making remarks’. This is in distinct contrast to the ‘regular slave’ of Marco, and the fact that Marco is ‘regular’ further highlights the way in which Rodolpho is different, and ‘stands out from the crowd’, and this in turn results in the ruining of his reputation, as he is not taken seriously by any of the other characters, due to him not behaving like the stereotypical masculine 1950s man. Perhaps, Miller uses this to highlight the way in which standing out from the stereotype in contemporary society leads to this ruining of reputation. Overall, Miller uses these ideas about reputation to contrast the Sicilian code of honour to the American culture that the contemporary audience will have been used to, and accurately showcases the importance of reputation to people from an Italian background, as well as this reputation affects how one is treated in society.

The Fatherhood Project - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1667 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/02/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Fatherhood Essay Did you like this example? The Fatherhood Project is a program that strives to improve the overall well-being and health of children and their families by enabling fathers to become more active, knowledgeable, and emotionally involved with their children. I found this very interesting because I feel like there is not enough research done about father’s positions in families and their relationships with their children. I decided to look more into their program geared towards divorced fathers and how a fathers living situation and parenting style after the divorce affects the overall well-being of their child emotionally and behaviorally. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Fatherhood Project" essay for you Create order For me, this is close to home because I myself come from a divorced family. I was interested to see what the research had found about the impact of a parent’s divorce and how it affects the child so I could compare it to my own experiences. Additionally, I was able to understand and apply what I have learned in class dealing with emotional development, parenting styles and attachment to the articles that I found and the correlation of the findings. As I said before, the Fatherhood Project is an abundance of different resources provided to fathers coming from all different backgrounds to help improve their lives and their family. It is a non-profit organization founded by John Badalament, in the Department of Psychiatry at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Through different programs fathers have the opportunities to learn more about dealing with children’s pediatrics, obstetrics, dads who are divorced, teen dads, or fathers who are in recovery. This program states that â€Å"A lack of involvement of fathers is associated with negative emotional, social, academic and behavioral outcomes for children.† (The Fatherhood Project, 2018) which leads to negative outcomes for not only the children, but also for society as it increases the rates of poverty, crime, substance abuse and marital issues. â€Å"The feeling of closeness to a father is critically linked to a child’s future success in school, employment, and relationships.† (The Fatherhood Project, 2018) which ultimately establishes the goal of this program. To help empower fathers to become more informed, engaged emotionally, and active within the family so that they can enhance the parent-child relationship and their children can grow up to become successful individuals. The Fatherhood Project has been able to do just that by partnering with researchers to design and create direct and appropriate programs that focus on skill-building and creating more meaningful connections within the family structure. Professionals that are trained in mental health, social services, education, and health care are able to provide the best services and support to these fathers. Within the Fatherhood Project, these fathers have access to different kinds of materials and resources such as educational videos, articles, books, news stories, and informational website links allowing them to have access to appropriate and trustworthy research. I found several articles that are able to establish the legitimacy of the program and its effectiveness through discussing the father-child relationship within the household and how it can impact a child behaviorally, emotionally, and the type of attachment style they form throughout the relationship. The first article was â€Å"Research from the Transition to the Fatherhood Project and Beyond†. This longitudinal study written by Nan Marie Astone and H. Elizabeth Peters discusses how the transition into this program may affect men. Up until the 1990’s most of the research on a families’ behavior strictly pertained to just the mother and her children, just recently is when we have seen communities strive to make the effort to increase their understanding and knowledge about the roles that fathers play in the families’ behaviors. Studies have found that parents who are not married at the time of the birth of their child, (including the people who are cohabitating) display an ample amount of instability within their relationship. â€Å"Only 36 % of men who were unmarried to their child’s mother at the time of the child’s birth are still living with their child 5 years later (McLanahan, 2011)† (Astone Peters, 2014). We can see that ev en though the fathers are still physically around, this does not always mean that there will be meaningful connections with that child. Although this is not always true, we can see that fathers who do not live in the same household as their child, also known as non-resident fathers, tend to have little to no contact with their child and are not too involved with their lives. For this reason, the attachment style between child and father can be anxious-ambivalent/resistant which by definition is â€Å"Feeling uncomfortable with closeness in relationships and desire to maintain emotional distance.† (SPSP, 2015). Having a negative attachment style to one of your caregivers can cause emotional behavioral problems and affect that parents type of parenting style. Each child has a script and an internal working model that helps them form symbolic representations of the type of attachment in relationships that they have experienced before and if a child is secluded to having an anxious-ambivalent/resistant relationship with their father, then that can take a toll on how they form relationships and emotional bonds with others. For as long as I can remember, it has been proven that mothers are the ones who typically spend more time with their child and the fathers just invest the money. I have even had my own personal experience with this. â€Å"Participants in responsible fatherhood programs report that the emphasis on the breadwinner role results in feeling that they are not entitled to spend time with their children if they cannot fulfill it. (Edin Nelson, 2013).† (Astone Peters, 2014). This is why programs like the Fatherhood Project are important, they help fathers realize that they do matter. That they are detrimental in their chil d’s overall success. Creating those important connections, building up positive relationships, and providing the appropriate parenting styles while engaging with your child is necessary to help create a lifelong impact for not only them, but the whole family. Furthermore, the second article that I discovered provides additional support as to why fathers who are more involved in their child’s life matter and how their parenting styles affect their relationships. â€Å"Do Divorced Fathers Matter? The Impact of Parenting Styles on Divorced Fathers on the Well-Being of the Child† is a research article written by Kim Bastaits, Koen Ponnet, and Dimitri Mortelmans. By their definition, â€Å"Parenting is defined as the provision of support and control. Support refers to the warmth, affection, and reinforcement that parents provide to their children. Control refers to the authority that parents exercise over their children and the extent to which they set limits on the behavior of their children.† (Bastaits, 2014). This refers to the types of parenting styles that I will be referring known as authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and dismissive. The main purposes of this research article is to see how fathers who have different living arrangements affect the well-being of their child, to investigate the different types of parenting styles used by fathers who are divorced, and how that parenting style affects the parent-child relat ionship. When a couple gets a divorce, the three type of living arrangements that can occur which are co-parenting, residential, or non-residential. Each type of living arrangement can have an effect on the child and the family, so to see how the researchers conducted a study by selecting partners at random from the National Register. They had to meet certain criteria in order to be chosen which was that they had to have been married between 1971 and 2008, and that they have only been divorced once. The overall group sample came to be 8,506 partners, and out of those 6,004 participants of this sample were currently divorced. The researchers conducted face to face interviews with both the children and the parents from each of the families by using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Three hypothesis were established before conducting this research. The researchers were expecting to see that co-parenting fathers to be more un-involved and less likely to have an an authoritative parenting style, to discover if the parenting styles produced by fathers who are divorced will have different effects on the well-being of their child, and lastly they had the expectations that the parenting styles of fathers who had been divorced and spend ample amount of time with their children will be more important in that child self-esteem and satisfaction as compared to the parenting styles of other divorced fathers who tend to spend less amounts of time with their children. After extensive research the ir findings came to show that fathers who do not live with their child tend to have a less effective parenting style and that they tend to try to make up for this lack of interaction with their child by having a more permissive parenting style by not providing any control but do provide support. They also had found that there was no significant difference in fathers who are residential to those fathers who have a co-parenting arrangement. This proves that fathers who have daily interaction with their child and engage with them will lead to more positive outcomes such as better parenting styles, emotional development and, attachment styles. Overall The Fatherhood Program can prove its effectiveness by encouraging all types of fathers from all sorts of backgrounds to be more involved in the child’s life and they their role as a parent does matter. Times are changing and so is the role of parents in the household. Fathers are not just the â€Å"breadwinners’ of the families whose only job is to bring in the money. They need to provide that emotional support and positive parenting style to ensure that their children can grow up to be positive and meaningful members in the society. I was intrigued reading about these articles and how important it is for a father to be involved in a child’s life for them to become successful. I think that all parents, especially fathers, should take the time to look into The Fatherhood Project and its amazing programs and resources that they offer. ?