Customizing Bonus Pay Plns Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Customizing Bonus Pay Plns - Essay Example Both individual and group incentives can be used to motivate workers. One of the cons of the use of individual incentives is that it can create interpersonal conflict due to competition among the workers. A negative aspect of group incentives is that sometimes many employees receive additional compensation benefits without providing any effort since they rely on the efforts of others to achieve the productivity goals. The individual performance modifier identified by Towers Perrin was incentive plans in which the performance was linked to a company wide measure and distributions were made from a pool in proportion to salary. The use of the scorecard approach is more appropriate for companies in the manufacturing sector or firms that have a wide variety of products to offer. Companies or professionals that offer intangible services such as stylists or consultants are not suitable for this assessment tool. Firms with many employees can benefit from the application of this tool because it can be used as a metric to evaluate the individual performance of each

HR and CSR connection PP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HR and CSR connection PP - Research Paper Example h will be of interest to other citizens within the nation since it will enable them to properly understand what their government is doing with the funds it gets from their natural resources. The research greatly motivates me since it will help in highlighting the connection that exists between the human resource departments and the company’s corporate social responsibilities. It will also help me in judging whether the management principles that are being applied in the field are still the same ones being applied in the field along with their relevancy. The theories along with constructs that will be applicable in my research will include various content and process theories (Jackson, 2011). This will be beneficial in helping me in determining what motivates the workers within the institution. The project will be completed in a period of seven months since the costs have already been availed for performing the activity. Ample time has also been put aside to enable me to focus adequately on the research hence the time limit of seven months will be adequate for completing the research (Schwab, 2004). The project proposal aims at investigating the following hypothesis or answers the following research question(s). The accessibility to data has already been acquired with the subjects to be interviewed or questioned having already given their consent to participation. The monetary resources required to complete the project successfully are available and are adequate. The technology required has been availed hence it will be useful in ensuring that the project is completed within the budget along with time limits set for it (Schwab, 2004). However, some advanced technologies such as software programs for simulation purposes will be purchased from local or international vendors. This is because the company has no team in the project that is tasked with the responsibility of developing software programs. On the other hand, the operations of the existing software within

Primary Health Care for Diabetes Treatment

Primary Health Care for Diabetes Treatment Ashley Suy Molly is a married 82-year-old woman who is diagnosed with Type II Diabetes and has developed a leg ulcer on her lower left leg. The effects of having leg ulcers impacts Molly’s physical, mental and social health. Physically, Molly’s mobility has declined. She is unable to walk as with every step she takes it causes pain. A lack of physical activity, such as walking has led to weight gain as she has been advised to sit with her leg up as much as possible to speed up the healing process. Molly’s mental well-being would be negatively impacted as she will be mentally stressed from dealing with the leg ulcer and having no mobility to do day-to-day tasks. This disenables her to have independence as she relies on Pat, her husband, to do simple tasks for her as she is immobile which may lead to guilt for relying on him to assist her with daily tasks. The leg ulcer along with immobility will inflict negative effects on Molly’s social health. Not being able to go out to see her friends and her loved ones or spend time outside of home with Pat will cause an abundant amount of stress which will gradually lead to depression. The issues that will be primarily focused on are, Primary Health Care relating to Molly’s Leg ulcer, Principles of Wellness, the Wellness Model, Type 2 Diabetes in regards to Molly’s condition and how an Enrolled Nurse will support Pat through a time of distress of grieving and bereavement. Primary Health Care (PHC) is the primary contact of accessing health care and it is based on the needs of individuals and the country. It focuses on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and resources that are made universal for people and families at an affordable cost that individuals and the country can afford to assist with their individual growth and development to maintain a healthy life (Koutoukidis, Stainton, Hughson, 2013, pp. 85-86). Since PHC is based on providing appropriate resources for individuals, Molly should be educated on the different types of services that will allow her to treat her health problem effectively. Some services include, home carers, community service, counsellors and online websites such as Diabetes Australia. As Molly suffers from a Leg ulcer she is evidently unable to participate in her regular community activities like she once use too. PHC encourages services that are scientifically sound and socially acceptable – as well as, relevant to the client. A way that PHC can be beneficial for her is through a home visiting service or physiologists that is subsidised by Medicare. PHC supports the involvement of a multidisciplinary team – integration of services that will assist Molly in the healing process. Nurses, dieticians, physiologist, podiatrists and GPs are the most appropriate types of multidisciplinary members. This team will educate her, Pat and her family with informa tion of diabetes, leg ulcers, proper nutrition, appropriate exercises and activities to promote her health as well as preventing future hospitalisation or illness exacerbations. ‘Wellness’ according to Student Health and Counselling Services (SHCS) (https://shcs.ucdavis.edu/wellness/) ‘is an active process of becoming aware of and making choices towards a healthy and fulfilling life’. The wellness model is a framework that individuals use to become aware of the interconnectedness of each dimension of the wheel and how they play a significant factor to healthy living. The Wellness Model consists of six dimensions: physical, social, intellectual, spiritual, emotional and occupational (Hettler, 1976). A principle of wellness is ‘the self is the only true healer’. This refers to the health professionals assisting individuals during the healing process. However, it is primarily up to ones’ body and mind to heal– as well as allowing time for full recovery. (Hoppers Institute, n.d). Another principle of wellness is ‘Prevention eliminates the need for treatment’. This simply means that the prevention of wellness should predominantly be focused on a solution or an outcome to eliminate the problem so there would not be a need for treatment. These principles apply to Molly as she has health professionals that help facilitate the healing process with dressing the wound three times a week and advising her to recover at home which is allowing time to pass by to allow full recovery. Prevention eliminates the need for treatment principle relates to Molly because she needs to limit the chances of leg ulcers from reoccurring again in the future. So, with a mixture of moderate exercise and a healthy diet it would minimise leg ulcers from occurring again. Another effective way to limit the chances of developing leg ulcers again is by using compression socks or hosiery to allow adequate blood circulation in the leg, thus preventing leg wounds. (Kenny, 2013) Type 2 Diabetes is insulin that is either, unable to produce what the body needs or the cells in the body are unable to use the existing insulin effectively (also known as, insulin resistance). (Falvo, 2014) According to Diabetes Australia (http://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/Understanding-Diabetes/Diabetes-in-Australia/) an estimated 280 Australian’s develop Diabetes every day. It is the most common form of diabetes, affecting 85 – 90% of all people with diabetes. Although it usually affects adults over the age of 45, it is now affecting younger people even children as young as 3. Research has shown that women over the age of 45 and overweight are more susceptible to getting diabetes. Molly has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetic for 17 years. What happens in the body of a diabetic person is that the pancreas which controls glucose in the body makes less insulin (a hormone). However, if the existing cells in the body are unable to effectively use insulin, it makes it difficult to keep blood glucose levels (BGL) in an optimum range. The pancreatic cells cannot use existing insulin effectively thus, why she has been prescribed oral medication to control her blood glucose lev el. Diabetes contribute to leg ulcers as fatty substances called atheroma develops on the inside lining of the arteries reducing blood flow to various parts of the body. The most commonly affected area is the arteries in the legs – causing a decrease in blood supply to the feet (Kenny, 2014). Diabetic retinopathy is the most common diabetic eye disease. It is caused by changes in the blood vessels of the retina. Blood vessels in the eye may swell, or leak fluid. In some people, abnormal new blood vessels grow on the surface of the retina. A learning program for Molly’s Leg ulcer is a crucial factor in educating her on the prevention of reoccurring leg ulcers. Some teaching methods that would be used are verbal discussions about Diabetes, her eating habits, exercising routine and lifestyle. Since she has put on weight, she feels tired and unwell. A dietician and a local GP will work together to review current blood and other tests that will be mixed together to come up with a suitable diet plan. The dietician will then provide Molly with written information that she will be able to take home to follow, thus achieving her physical health. (Dieticians Associated of Australia, 2014) Another method of teaching is through a physiologist who can demonstrate various low to mild exercise routines where the activities are suitable and safe to follow as well as assist with Molly’s current immobility (Allied Health Profession Australia [AHPA], 2010). As mental health for Molly is a risk factor, beyond blue encourages that maintaining connections with friends, family and the community can prevent feelings of loneliness and isolation and help to stay mentally healthy (Beyond Blue, 2013). This first link is a publication regarding leg ulcers and how to care for them, thus educating Molly on Leg ulcers. Molly will need to read this publication to understand it or have a relative or health professional explain it to her. http://www.awma.com.au/publications/vlu_patient_info_a4_2012-08-21.pdf The second resource that Molly can learn from is the Leg Ulcer Prevention Program (LUPP) which is an electronic multimedia client education package for people receiving care regarding leg ulcers. The program is delivered at home via a nurse’s personal computer, so Molly will not have to move too much. Also, she can listen and watch the multimedia. (Kapp, S; Miller, C; and Donohue, L, 2010) Grief and loss are two major feelings that Pat has encountered as Molly passed. Grief is a response to loss. People experience grief differently; some may go through sadness, anger, anxiety, disbelief, panic, relief or even numbness. (Healey, 2010) To relieve Pat’s grief, an Enrolled Nurse would offer basic reassurance that he is not alone, an opportunity for him to talk about the loss of his wife, encourage him to seek help from other resources if he needs, such as psychologists, counsellors, or mental health services. The Australian Centre for Grief and Bereavement (ACGB) offers support groups that will help participants in many ways. Some of the groups that they offer are Bereaved Partners, Death of a Parent, For Men, Pet Loss and many more. ACGB also shares stories of other people that have gone through loss (Australian Centre for Grief Bereavement, n.d). Another service available is the ‘Compassionate Friends Victoria’, a group that offers ‘men’s space’ where bereaved men go along and discuss issues together. (Compassionate Friends Victoria, 2014) Primary Health care along with the Wellness Model play a major role in the quality of life that Molly has experienced. Type 2 Diabetes has a major affect on Molly’s health, thus contributed to leg ulcers. Pat will gradually move on from grieving over the loss of his wife with the help of support groups. Word Count: 1591 References Donna R. Falvo.(2014). Medical and Psychosocial Aspects of Chronic Illness and Disability (Ed. 5) (p.377) Beyond Blue (2013). Older People and Depression. Retrieved from: http://www.beyondblue.org.au/resources/for-me/older-people hopperinstitue.com. (n.d.).Principles of wellness. Retrieved from http://www.hopperinstitute.com/wellness.html Diabetes Australia (2013). Type II Diabetes. Retrieved from: http://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/Understanding-Diabetes/Diabetes-in-Australia/ Bill Hettler, MD. (1976). The Six Dimensions of Wellness Model. Retrieved from http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.nationalwellness.org/resource/resmgr/docs/sixdimensionsfactsheet.pdf Gabrielle Koutoukidis., Kate Stainton., Jodie Hughson. (2013). Health promotion, education and wellness. In Elizabetch Coady Jane Coulcher (Ed.6), Tabbner’s Nursing Care (pp. 85-86). Tim Kenny. (2013).Venous Leg Ulcers. Retrieved from: http://www.patient.co.uk/health/venous-leg-ulcers-leaflet shcs.ucdavis.edu (n.d) Wellness. Retrieved from: https://shcs.ucdavis.edu/wellness/ compassionatefriendsvictoria.org.au.(2014). Retrieved from Compassionate Friends Victoria: http://www.compassionatefriendsvictoria.org.au/ grief.org.au. (n.d.).Grief.Retrieved from Australia Centre for Grief Bereavement: http://www.grief.org.au/grief_and_bereavement_support/understanding_grief/about_grief Justin Healey. (2010). Coping with Grief and Loss: Vol. 319.Coping with Grief and Loss. Australia: The Spinny Press.

British Imperialism in India and China Essay -- English Imperialism Co

British Imperialism in India and China Imperialism is the domination of a weaker country by a stronger country. For instance Britain dominated India and China in the mid 1880s to the beginning of the 20th century. Imperialism has had both a positive and negative effects on the countries involved. Britain was imperialistic for many reasons, it could dominate because it had the technology and power to do so. They also needed land to acquire raw materials for growing markets.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One country that had imperialism was India. By the mid-1880s, the British East India Company controlled three fifths of India. The cause of British domination was that the land was very diverse and the people could not unite and that the British either paid local princes or used weapons to get control. Positive effects of imperialistic rule in India were that the British set up a stronger economy and more powerful industries. They built roads and railroads. British rule brought peace and order to the countryside. They revised the legal system to promote justice for the Indians regardless of class. Indian landowners and princes, who still owned territory grew rich from exporting cash crops such as cotton and jute. The British introduced the telegraph and the postal system as a means of communication. These improvements and benefits from British rule eventually lead to Indian nationalism. The exposure to European ideas caused an Indian nationalist movement, the peop le dreamed of ending Imperial ...

Analyse of the Two Key Moments Essay

Just before this key moment starts, the guards takes Rebecca Nurse out of her cage, on its way to the place where people are hanged. She is astonished that John is confessing. The key moment starts with Proctor refusing to say that he saw Rebecca Nurse in the Devil’s company, or anybody else. Danforth demands that Proctor prove the purity of his soul by accusing others, but Hale advises that it is enough that he confesses himself. Parris agrees, but Danforth demands that Proctor should sign a document. Proctor says that he has confessed to God, and that is enough. He asks Danforth whether a good confession must be public. Proctor wishes to keep only his name, and Danforth thus refuses to accept his confession. Danforth orders Proctor to be hanged. Hale begs Elizabeth to plead with Proctor to sign a confession, but Elizabeth states that Proctor has his goodness now, and God forbid that she take it from him. The characters have turning points in the key moments, and I am going to discuss what happens to Hale, John Proctor and Danforth in this key moment. Hale’s beliefs in witchcraft changes, so does his faith in the law. In Act 4, he tells the accused witches to lie, to confess their supposed sins in order to save their own lives. This change of heart and hopelessness, makes Hale gain the audience’s sympathy but not its respect, since he lacks the moral character of Rebecca Nurse or, and as it turns out at the end of Act 4, John Proctor. Although Hale recognises the evil of the witch trials, his response is not resistance but surrender. He thinks that survival is the highest good, even if it means helping oneself to injustice, which honourable and truly heroic characters can never accept. John Proctor changes himself and provides a final charge of the witch trials. Offered the opportunity to make a confession that he has seen the Devil, he almost surrenders, even signing a confession letter. His great pride and fear of public opinion drove him to hold his truth, adultery, from the court, but by the end of the play he is more concerned with his personal honesty than his public reputation. He still wants to save his name, but for a personal and religious view, rather than the publics’ reasons. Proctor’s refusal to provide a false confession is a true religious and personal determination. His confession would dishonour his friends who are convicted who are brave enough to die as support to the truth. Also it will dishonour himself, staining not just his public reputation, but also his soul. He then decides to change his mind and tells Danforth that he does not want to lie, this bringing him to heaven. He has now redeemed his sin. As Elizabeth says to end the play, responding to Hale’s plea that she convince Proctor to publicly confess: â€Å"He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him! † In this key moment Danforth shows that his greatest interest is to protect the reputation of the court when he prompts Proctor to sign a confession, thus preventing the response of his death. I think that Danforth has changed internally but not externally. I think he believes that the witchcraft is fake, but externally he is still a strict and craving for a good reputation. If he did believe people at the end of the play, then he would not convict John Proctor, but he did because it was to late then, and his reputation would be ruined, as he has convicted people before. It is a crucial moment for the audience because they think Proctor is a bad and not a honourable man when he signs the paper. It is dramatic irony, but not as much. The audience know that Proctor does not see the Devil, to save his life by confessing and showing you don not lie, he says he has been seeing the Devil. But he suddenly changes, he rips the piece of paper representing his confession, and explains that his name is more important, he wants to show he is a heroic man, so he says he never has see the Devil, which is true, and the audience see how he is a better man, and is going to die being an honourable and a heroic man. A crucible is a melting pot, where substances are heated to a high temperature to get rid of impurities. Miller is suggesting the play is like to purge by fire, a form of ‘cleansing’. This is a metaphor for spiritual improvements as the result of a confession being exerted. It is known as ‘cleaning’ or ‘cleansing’ yourself by confessing to seeing the Devil. There is many ways to explain the name of the book and here are some more: first witches supposedly boil potions in cauldrons and a synonym for cauldron is crucible. Secondly, it has a metaphorical meaning: the society of Salem is being heated and stirred in an attempt to remove the impurities and leave only the pure members of the society. One of the central themes of the play is the spiritual development of John Proctor. It is a powerful and complex play. All of the action takes place indoors and it is very black, simplistic and it emphasises the lifestyle of the people and it echoes the claustrophobic atmosphere of the play. The play focuses on ordinary people in extraordinary circumstances. In the play Miller is discussing the forces of evil. In the attempt to cut out evil there is certainly a degree of irony. The irony in this play is that evil and tragedy actually occur from the actions of the unwise and over eager characters such as Danforth and Parris and to a certain extent Hale, who became responsible for deaths, misery and cruelty. Miller is suggesting that humans are vulnerable to evil and he aims to show that the evil generated in Salem was through a combination of circumstances for which no one person could be held entirely responsible but yet none were guilt free. The Crucible was based on real events and characters. The people of the 17th Century Salem, witchcraft were a very real and forceful threat. Many people were accused of being witches, and were tortured and executed. The discrimination of witches spread to a lot of places around the world. Witches thought to commit crimes have various ‘proofs’ of a witch including the testimony of a fellow witch, the common belief or accusation of those who live with suspected witch, cursing followed by some mischief or the person disagrees with the person when questioned. Miller was interested in McCarthy trials in the 1940s/50s and made the book parallel to it, Salem witch trials of 1682. Miller may have oversimplified matters, in that while there were no actual witches in Salem, there were certainly Communists in 1950s America. However, one can argue that Miller’s concern in The Crucible is not with whether the accused actually are witches, but rather with the refusal of the court officials to believe that they are not. McCarthyism limits, which wronged many innocents and this parallel was felt strongly in Miller’s own time. In real life, at Millers time, Abigail Williams was 12 years old, but in the play she is 17, but why did he change the age? He did this to make Abigail Williams a better character to make her do all the mischievous things she does in the play. At the age of 17, you are mature and able to make an opinion, and act more like an adult, unlike a 12 year old where you are still to young to do things adults do. Danforth was not a real person, he was made up, but the wonderful thing about him is that he is made up of 3 characters. These three characters were the judges, but they would not be as dramatic and neither strong, unless there is one person who rules, making that character more remembered, and more important to the play.

McCormick Company Essay

â€Å"Since 1889, McCormick has been the Company (McCormick) to turn to for flavor expertise. Today the world relies on their prized consumer brands, trusted ingredients and culinary know-how. McCormick is a global leader in the manufacture, marketing and distribution of spices, seasonings and flavors to the entire food industry. Customers range from retail outlets and food manufacturers to food service businesses.† The McCormick & Company was started in Baltimore, in one room and a cellar by 25-year-old Willoughby M. McCormick. McCormick’s first products were root beer, flavoring extracts, and fruit syrups and juices, sold under â€Å"Bee Brand† and â€Å"Silver Medal† trademarks; â€Å"Iron Glue† (Sticks Everything But the Buyer) and â€Å"Uncle Sam’s Nerve and Bone Liniment† (For Man Or Beast). Products were sold door-to-door and the motto was â€Å"Make the Best – Someone Will Buy It.† In 1896 McCormick bought F. G. Emmett Spice Company of Philadelphia. All machinery was shipped to Baltimore, as the firm prepared to enter the spice field. In the 1900’s its export office opened in New York City, products were shipped to South and Central America, South Africa, East and West Indies, and Europe. The â€Å"Banquet Brand† was established for spices and mustard and they incorporated in Maine, and the firm now enjoyed a wide good standing reputation as manufacturing chemist, drug & spice millers, importers and exporters. The company suffered a great loss of all material assets and records in the Great Baltimore Fire, but within 10 months, a new five-story building was erected on the old site. McCormick added â€Å"Bee Brand† Tea to the product line and became one of the first manufacturers of tea in gauze pouches, thereby introducing â€Å"tea bags.† In the summer of 1912, Charles P. McCormick began working as shipping department clerk and in 1925 he was elected to the Board of Directors. On November 4, 1093 the founder Willoughby McCormick died, thereby leaving 36-year-old C. P. McCormick as elected President and Chairman of the Board. Faced with the serious crisis of the Depression, he quickly implemented a new business philosophy called â€Å"Multiple Management.† A Junior Board of Directors was established. Though out the early 1900’s many business of the like were acquired and the McCormick’s target market was broadened. In 1970 Charles P. McCormick died of a heart attack and Harry K. Wells became Chief Executive Officer on December 1 following John N. Curlett’s retirement from the Company. Mr. Curlett remained Chairman of the Board. Just as in the early portion of the 19th century McCromi 1972 The Company entered a joint venture with Promociones y Commisiones, S.A. of the Republic of Mexico, purchased from the John Kraft Sesame Corporation of Paris, Tex. The venture was renamed Sesame Products, Inc. Industrial Flavor Group is established to encompass activities of Industrial Flavor Division (formerly Industrial Products Division), Botanicus Pte. Ltd., and Sesame Products, Inc. 1974 Acquired Golden West Foods, Inc., of Gilroy, Calif., to manufacture and distribute frozen food products. The Company entered the frozen foods field under the Schilling label with frozen sour dough breads at the retail level and with food service products. 1975 Acquired All Portions, Inc., for $4.5 million, which manufactures portion-control packets of condiments, with plants in San Fernando, Calif., Indianapolis, Ind., and Atlanta, Ga. The two major retail units of the Company the McCormick Division in the east and the Schilling Division in the West, were consolidated to form a new Grocery Products Division, headquartered in Baltimore. The Management Services Division was established to provide improved information services to all units. 1976 Chicago-based TV Time Foods, Inc., producer of popcorn products, was purchased for $3.75 million as a wholly owned subsidiary. 1977 Harry K. Wells elected Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer. John N. Curlett named Chairman Emeritus. Astro Foods, Inc., of San Rafael, Calif., producer of specialty frozen food products for airlines and restaurants, was purchased for $325,000 as a wholly owned subsidiary. 1979 $3.5 million plant in Bedford, Va., opened for production of frozen onion rings by Golden West Foods. Gilroy Foods dedicated solar energy project to be used for dehydration of onions and garlic. Han-Dee Pak, Inc., a portion-control manufacturer in Atlanta, Ga., was purchased for $6 million and became a subsidiary. Harry K. Wells was elected Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, and Hillsman V. Wilson was elected President and Chief Operating Officer. Sandoz, Ltd., a Swiss pharmaceutical firm, announced its intentions to buy the entire company in October 1979. McCormick supplies spices, herbs, extracts, seasoning blends, sauces, marinades and specialty foods to an assortment of retail outlets such as grocery, mass merchandise, warehouse clubs, discount and drug stores. In the U.S. their principal brands include McCormick ®, Lawry’s ®, Zatarain’s ®, Thai Kitchen ®, Simply Asia ® and El Guapo ®. In Canada their brands are Club House ® and Billy Bee ®, in the U.K. it’s Schwartz ® and in France it’s Ducros ® and Vahine ®. In other markets, including Australia and China, the McCormick brand is primarily used. Consumers can find thier products in nearly 100 countries around the world. To drive thier consumer business we are developing innovative products, increasing marketing effectiveness, expanding distribution and acquiring leading brands and niche products. The industrial business supplies products to many of the world’s top food manufacturers and food service businesses from locations primarily in North America, Europe and the Asia/Pacific region. Products include seasoning blends, natural spices and herbs, wet flavors, coating systems and compound flavors. While the McCormick name may not be on the package or menu, we add great taste to a wide range of packaged food including snacks, savory side dishes and cereals, as well as restaurant items that include sandwich sauces, chicken coatings and bread toppings. To grow our industrial business we are supporting the global expansion of customers, building current and new strategic partnerships and developing consumer-preferred, value-added products. With a solid balance sheet and strong cash flow, McCormick has paid dividends every year since 1925 and increased its dividend per share in each of the last 24 years. Effective strategies, our Multiple Management philosophy and a great team of employees are key ingredients behind our financial performance and increased shareholder value. Retail outlets, food manufacturers and food service businesses – they all depend on their spices, seasonings and flavorings. McCormick is so prevalent throughout the food industry that it’s very likely you enjoy the taste of McCormick every day. McCormick employees conduct business under the leadership of their Chief Executive Officer who is subject to the oversight and direction of a Board of Directors. We are open and honest in business dealings both inside and outside the Company. We serve our customers, consumers, suppliers and communities in accordance with the highest standards of business ethics.

Guide on How to Write an Evaluation Essay All Things Considered

Guide on How to Write an Evaluation Essay All Things Considered What is an Evaluation Essay An evaluation essay aims at the presentation of a point of view or opinion on a particular piece of work or a subject. In many aspects, an evaluation essay is similar to a review. To write a comprehensive evaluation paper, you should analyze both the advantages and disadvantages of the subject and provide a reasonable judgment. The evaluation paper writing implies that you can assess the product, program, or movie and deliver the understanding of the subject to the readers. Thus, a proper evaluation paper has to be based on the strengths and weaknesses of the piece of work and be reasonable and unbiased. Requirements for an Evaluation Essay There are three general requirements that are crucial for an evaluation essay. For a paper to be evaluative, unbiased, and reasonable, you should follow the CJE guidelines. These are the Criteria, Judgement, and Evidence. Criteria provide the desire to present the possible outcomes of the evaluated component. If you set the concise criteria, it will prevent the evaluative essay from seeming like the type of writing where you express your own opinion. To be able to write this kind of essay correctly, you should determine the subject that you are going to evaluate. Criteria could be parts of the evaluated subject. For instance, while writing an evaluative essay on the movie, you can choose to focus on the plot, scenery, and actors. The judgment establishes whether or not the specific criterion is met. For example, if you evaluate the criterion of the plot, the judgment indicates whether or not the movie captivates the viewers attention and exceeds their expectations. The evidence is all the data that supports the judgment. If your judgment states that a particular movie has a controversial plot, you should provide a wide range of examples to prove that such a judgment was reached. Topics for Evaluation Essay Writing When you select a topic for an evaluation essay, it is necessary to focus on a particular product, business, or service. This implies that you need to evaluate a specific class instead of a range of similar classes. Moreover, it is better to write about a subject you know. Such an approach will make the process of criteria, judgment, and evidence establishment easier. The general subjects for an evaluation essay topic selection are sports, performing arts, restaurants, and social as well as ethical problems. However, there are a lot of other spheres from which you can choose the topic for your paper. For instance, you can evaluate the recent scientific research, the building of a new shopping mall, or the major event in your educational institution. The main advice for a topic selection is the understanding of the subject and the ability to provide the necessary criteria, judgment, and evaluation. Here are some of the topics that can be used for an evaluation essay: The Recent Season of the English Premier League Football Team; Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse: The Impact on Contemporary Animation Development; What Is Your Favorite Video Game? How Do Self-Driving Cars Influence Modern Life? The Diversity of Food in American Restaurants; In Which Way Is the Cultural Heritage of the Country Described in Foreign Movies? Discussion of the Music Concert You Attended; Evaluate the Taste, Service, and Atmosphere of the Best Pizzeria in Your City; Evaluate the Coverage of Any Major Sports Event; Provide the Evaluation of Your Favorite Event in High School. Pre-Writing Tips from Our Expert Writers Determine what you are going to evaluate. First and foremost, concentrate on the brainstorming of possible topics and make a list of them. For instance, you can make a list of the movies you watched or the books you read. After that, you can choose the topic and proceed to search for more information about it. Define the audience. You should be aware of the people you are targeting with the evaluation essay. It is important to take into account the audience that is interested in the paper. The next step is the definition of what your audience already knows. The understanding of the readers expectations will help you to write an essay properly. Define the subject. Before evaluating, find a sufficient amount of background information about your topic. For instance, when evaluating a movie, provide a brief plot summary and describe the characters to prepare the evaluation context for the audience. Define the proper criteria. To evaluate a topic and to be able to determine whether or not it meets the evaluation requirements, you should specify the criteria that will be assessed. While writing an evaluation essay on a movie, you can focus on the plot, cinematography, and characters. Moreover, it is essential to determine the most illustrative example for each of your criteria. By analyzing the examples, define the good and bad points of the topic. Evaluate the criteria. Finally, proceed to the criticizing of the chosen criteria. This step is the continuation of the previous one. You should check whether the body of an essay will address the effective and ineffective features of each criterion. In order to do this, support your criteria judgment with the examples and provide an argument according to your thesis. The Structure An evaluation essay generally consists of the introduction, the body paragraphs, and the conclusion. In the introductory paragraph, you have to provide the hook sentence, present the subject, and write the thesis statement. As for the body paragraphs, each of them should include one criterion and the judgment along with the evidence. The conclusion has to highlight the main points in your evaluation essay and create a final impression on your audience. Introduction The introductory paragraph in your evaluation essay should provide general information about what you are going to evaluate. The proper introduction will help the readers to understand the idea of the writing and captivate their attention. Hook sentence. The first and very important aspect of the introduction is the hook. It is the sentence that opens your essay. The hook has to be designed in a way that intrigues the audience. The successful hook sentence for an evaluation essay may include some interesting facts or peculiar features of the specific subject. Presentation of the subject. The introductory paragraph of an evaluation essay should provide general information about the subject. You can do this by describing an overview of the issue, discussing its impact on society, and the worthiness of the evaluation. In addition, in the introduction, it is necessary to establish the criteria that will prove your thesis. Thesis statement. The thesis is the central aspect of your evaluation essay; it presents the key features of the whole writing. It should be written at the end of your introductory paragraph. To create a proper thesis statement, you should develop the overall judgment and the supporting reasons. Do not make your thesis too general and unspecific. Providing the central claims in the thesis statement is crucial for a proper evaluation essay. Moreover, a bad thesis will lead to the readers’ negative perception of the whole paper. For instance, if your evaluation essay is about a TV series, an incorrect thesis statement would be: The Simpsons is a great TV series, as it has a good plot, characters, and cinematics. On the contrary, if you make a thesis statement more specific and add more details about the show, it will become a great thesis. The example of a proper thesis statement is the following: Being an impressive satire, The Simpsons directly influenced American society, particularly with the help of vivid characters and professional cinematics. Such a thesis statement provides information about the subject, states the judgment, and presents criteria for further evaluation. Body Paragraphs Body paragraphs are the most substantial part of an evaluation essay. The general requirement for each body paragraph is that it should contain only one criterion. Moreover, each paragraph has to begin with the topic sentence about a certain criterion. The proper organization of your evaluation essay is a central aspect of the readability and understanding of the topic. Generally, there are three body paragraphs in the evaluation essay, and they should be structured in the following way: First reason. The first body paragraph has to present your judgment of the first criterion. The topic sentence has to be connected with your introduction with the help of transitional words. For instance, the topic sentence of the first body paragraph could be the following: First and foremost, The Simpsons provides a funny and captivating plot. Such a topic sentence implies that the paragraph is devoted to the evaluation of the TV series plot. Then, you should prove your argument by presenting valid supporting evidence. However, it is also crucial to address the counterarguments and be able to refute them. Second reason. In the second body paragraph, you are to provide a topic sentence for the second criterion. Considering the thesis example, it could be the following: Secondly, the wide range of characters makes The Simpsons unique and captivates the viewers attention. After that, you should present some character examples from the TV series to support your judgment. Third reason. The final body paragraph should focus on the judgment of the third criterion. As the thesis example provides the cinematics as the last criterion, the topic sentence could be: Thirdly, the frames and the camera angles in The Simpsons often provide some ridiculous yet interesting scenes. In this paragraph, you can present the most memorable scenes from the TV show and refer to the excellence of the animation. Once again, remember to answer the controversial aspects of the cinematics to make your judgment more reasonable. Finally yet importantly, it is vital to realize that an evaluation essay is based on the facts, not your opinion. Therefore, always try to avoid bias and focus on providing reasonable supporting evidence for your judgment. Conclusion The conclusion is where you summarize your criteria, judgment, and evidence. In this paragraph, you have to restate your thesis and the aim of your paper in other words. In this part, the important aspect is the substitution of the words so that they do not copy the introduction. Furthermore, in conclusion, you can provide statements that may impress the audience. It is necessary because this will create a positive perception of your evaluation essay. This implies that the readers will like your writing and will be more likely to recommend it to others. The main demand for the conclusion is that it should be connected with the introductory paragraph. For instance, if you describe the subject in the introduction, you have to state what the audience should have expected from it in conclusion. Such an approach will shape your evaluation essay, and the readers will understand the subject better. Post-writing Tips The work on your evaluation essay does not end with the last sentence. After you have finished your paper, it is important to proofread and revise an essay. Pay attention to grammar, punctuation, and style. Then, reassure yourself that the sources are credible and you have cited all of them. These are general tips not only for an evaluation paper but also for all other types of writings. While proofreading an evaluation essay, there are several key aspects that you have to take into account. Firstly, check whether your evaluation is not a summary. The major part of an essay should be devoted to the critical analysis of the subject. Secondly, revise the structure of your paper. Does your introduction have a hook sentence, enough background information, and a clear and proper thesis statement? Do all of the body paragraphs describe the relevant criteria? Does the conclusion summarize the whole essay and is it connected with the introductory paragraph? The structure is crucial for the evaluation paper, so you have to make sure that the writing is done appropriately. Finally, when revising an evaluation essay, remember about the CJE guidelines. In your paper, find each criterion and the judgment to the criterion. Next, reassure that the evidence you have provided is sufficient and relevant to the judgment. Such a proofreading approach will help you to improve the quality of an evaluation essay. If you take these evaluation essay tips into account, it will enhance your writing skills and, as a result, make your papers more appealing to the readers. References Evaluation Essays: Thesis Statements. Retrieved from http://webs.anokaramsey.edu/stankey/Writing/Evaluate/SampThes.htm Kearney, V. (2018). How to Write an Evaluation Paper with Sample Essays. Retrieved from https://owlcation.com/academia/How-to-Write-an-Evaluation-Review-essay Philpott, S. (2017). How to Write an Evaluation Essay. Retrieved from https://penandthepad.com/write-evaluation-essay-2480.html Quick Guide to an Evaluation Essay. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.unr.edu/Documents/liberal-arts/writing-center/Quick%20Guide%20to%20an%20Evaluation%20Essay.pdf The Evaluation Essay. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.aims.edu/student/online-writing-lab/understanding-writing/evaluation.php

Parts of Computer Essay Example

Parts of Computer Essay Example Parts of Computer Essay Parts of Computer Essay If you use a desktop computer, you might already know that there isnt any single part called the computer. A computer is really a system of many parts working together. The physical parts, which you can see and touch, are collectively called hardware. (Software, on the other hand, refers to the instructions, or programs, that tell the hardware what to do. ) The illustration below shows the most common hardware in a desktop computer system. Your system may look a little different, but it probably has most of these parts. A laptop computer has similar parts but combines them into a single notebook-sized package. Picture of a desktop computer systemDesktop computer system Lets take a look at each of these parts. System unit The system unit is the core of a computer system. Usually its a rectangular box placed on or underneath your desk. Inside this box are many electronic components that process information. The most important of these components is the central processing unit (CPU), or microprocessor, which acts as the brain of your computer. Another component is random access memory (RAM), which temporarily stores information that the CPU uses while the computer is on. The information stored in RAM is erased when the computer is turned off. Almost every other part of your computer connects to the system unit using cables. The cables plug into specific ports (openings), typically on the back of the system unit. Hardware that is not part of the system unit is sometimes called a peripheral device or device. Picture of a system unitSystem unit Top of page Storage Your computer has one or more disk drives- devices that store information on a metal or plastic disk. The disk preserves the information even when your computer is turned off. Hard disk drive Your computers hard disk drive stores information on a hard disk, a rigid platter or stack of platters with a magnetic surface. Because hard disks can hold massive amounts of information, they usually serve as your computers primary means of storage, holding almost all of your programs and files. The hard disk drive is normally located inside the system unit. Picture of a hard disk driveHard disk drive CD and DVD drives Nearly all computers today come equipped with a CD or DVD drive, usually located on the front of the system unit. CD drives use lasers to read (retrieve) data from a CD, and many CD drives can also write (record) data onto CDs. If you have a recordable disk drive, you can store copies of your files on blank CDs. You can also use a CD drive to play music CDs on your computer. Picture of a CDCD DVD drives can do everything that CD drives can, plus read DVDs. If you have a DVD drive, you can watch movies on your computer. Many DVD drives can record data onto blank DVDs. Tip Tip If you have a recordable CD or DVD drive, periodically back up (copy) your important files to CDs or DVDs. That way, if your hard disk ever fails, you wont lose your data. Floppy disk drive Floppy disk drives store information on floppy disks, also called floppies or diskettes. Compared to CDs and DVDs, floppy disks can store only a small amount of data. They also retrieve information more slowly and are more prone to damage. For these reasons, floppy disk drives are less popular than they used to be, although some computers still include them. Picture of a floppy diskFloppy disk Why are floppy disks floppy? Even though the outside is made of hard plastic, thats just the sleeve. The disk inside is made of a thin, flexible vinyl material. Top of page Mouse A mouse is a small device used to point to and select items on your computer screen. Although mice come in many shapes, the typical mouse does look a bit like an actual mouse. Its small, oblong, and connected to the system unit by a long wire that resembles a tail. Some newer mice are wireless. Picture of a computer mouseMouse A mouse usually has two buttons: a primary button (usually the left button) and a secondary button. Many mice also have a wheel between the two buttons, which allows you to scroll smoothly through screens of information. Picture of mouse pointers When you move the mouse with your hand, a pointer on your screen moves in the same direction. (The pointers appearance might change depending on where its positioned on your screen. ) When you want to select an item, you point to the item and then click (press and release) the primary button. Pointing and clicking with your mouse is the main way to interact with your computer. For more information, see Using your mouse. Top of page Keyboard A keyboard is used mainly for typing text into your computer. Like the keyboard on a typewriter, it has keys for letters and numbers, but it also has special keys: The function keys, found on the top row, perform different functions depending on where they are used. * The numeric keypad, located on the right side of most keyboards, allows you to enter numbers quickly. * The navigation keys, such as the arrow keys, allow you to move your position within a document or webpage. Picture of a keyboardKeyboard You can also use your keyboard to perform m any of the same tasks you can perform with a mouse. For more information, see Using your keyboard. Top of page Monitor A monitor displays information in visual form, using text and graphics. The portion of the monitor that displays the information is called the screen. Like a television screen, a computer screen can show still or moving pictures. There are two basic types of monitors: CRT (cathode ray tube) monitors and LCD (liquid crystal display) monitors. Both types produce sharp images, but LCD monitors have the advantage of being much thinner and lighter. CRT monitors, however, are generally more affordable. Picture of an LCD monitor and a CRT monitorLCD monitor (left); CRT monitor (right) Top of page Printer A printer transfers data from a computer onto paper. You dont need a printer to use your computer, but having one allows you to print e? mail, cards, invitations, announcements, and other materials. Many people also like being able to print their own photos at home. The two main types of printers are inkjet printers and laser printers. Inkjet printers are the most popular printers for the home. They can print in black and white or in full color and can produce high-quality photographs when used with special paper. Laser printers are faster and generally better able to handle heavy use. Picture of an inkjet printer and a laser printerInkjet printer (left); laser printer (right) Top of page Speakers Speakers are used to play sound. They may be built into the system unit or connected with cables. Speakers allow you to listen to music and hear sound effects from your computer. Picture of computer speakersComputer speakers Top of page Modem To connect your computer to the Internet, you need a modem. A modem is a device that sends and receives computer information over a telephone line or high-speed cable. Modems are sometimes built into the system unit, but higher-speed modems are usually separate components. Picture of a cable modemCable modem

Definitions and Glosses

Definitions and Glosses Definitions and Glosses Definitions and Glosses By Mark Nichol A definition is a phrase or sentence (or more) that explains the meaning of a term, and a gloss is a brief definition offered parenthetically after the term. This post includes examples of sentences in which definitions and glosses are erroneously presented. Discussion after each sentence explains the error, and a revision demonstrates the correct treatment. 1. The term uncertainty is defined as not knowing how or if potential events may manifest themselves in the context of achieving future objectives and business strategies. Enclose explicit definitions (those preceded by means, â€Å"is defined as,† and the like) in quotation marks to signal that the definition is the exact wording from another source: â€Å"The term uncertainty is defined as ‘not knowing how or if potential events may manifest themselves in the context of achieving future objectives and business strategies.’† 2. The organization defines â€Å"relevant information† as information that facilitates informed decision-making. This sentence is constructed differently from the previous example, but the rule is the same: â€Å"The organization defines ‘relevant information’ as ‘information that facilitates informed decision-making.’† (In this case, because the term consists of more than one word, it is enclosed in quotation marks as well, rather than italicized.) However, if a definition follows is or another form of â€Å"to be,† do not set it off in quotation marks: â€Å"Relevant information is information that facilitates informed decision-making.† Note, too, that in this sentence, â€Å"relevant information† is treated as the thing itself, not the term for the thing, so the phrase is not set off with quotation marks. However, in some sentence constructions, the word or phrase may be emphasized because it is a reference to the term itself, and not the concept, while the definition is not treated as a quotation; see, for example, â€Å"‘Relevant information’ refers to information that facilitates informed decision-making.† 3. Administrative adjudication is one of several methods the agency may use to enforce compliance with federal consumer financial laws; it refers to the process by which an administrative agency engages in an adversarial proceeding with a supervised party. â€Å"Administrative adjudication† is referred to here as a concept, but â€Å"it refers to† implies that the reference is to the phrase for the concept, like relevant information in the parenthetical example in the discussion above. (Also, compare â€Å"A pencil is a writing instrument† and â€Å"Pencil denotes a writing instrument.†) It is equivalent to the concept, not the term for it, so the phrase preceding the definition must be revised to reflect this: â€Å"Administrative adjudication is one of several methods the agency may use to enforce compliance with federal consumer financial laws; the term refers to the process by which an administrative agency engages in an adversarial proceeding with a supervised party.† 4. The Gospel of Matthew, the only one of the four canonical gospels to mention the Wise Men, or Magi, makes no mention of the number who came to worship the baby Jesus. Here, two designations for the same thing, the group of men said to have visited Jesus shortly after his birth, are described, but it makes no sense to first provide the more transparent of the two terms, followed by the more esoteric one. The designation that is more well known should be offered as a subsequent gloss, or brief definition, of the more obscure term: â€Å"The Gospel of Matthew, the only one of the four canonical gospels to mention the Magi, or Wise Men, makes no mention of the number who came to worship the baby Jesus.† 5. Alice in Wonderland syndrome, or micropsia, is a neurological disease that affects the visual cortex and makes you see things much, much smaller than they really are. Again, why include a more technical term in addition to a vernacular alternative unless it is introduced first, followed by the more familiar or accessible name as a gloss? Revise as shown here: â€Å"Micropsia, or Alice in Wonderland syndrome, is a neurological disease that affects the visual cortex and makes you see things much, much smaller than they really are.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Common Mistakes category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:35 Synonyms for â€Å"Look†When to Form a Plural with an ApostropheCaptain vs. Master

Modern Consumerism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Modern Consumerism - Essay Example When one need is fulfilled, there is always going to be another need that pops up requiring attention. That is just the way humans are made. Not necessarily just physical needs need to be met—but rather, the accoutrement of things which humans seem to accumulate over the years one has spent living is a perfect example of this, especially in more developed countries. Consumption is so puzzling to Campbell especially because this insatiability for things is considered an ethnocentric phenomenon, in his view.2 For example, it is considered anathema in some cultures to want things outside of what one already has—not to mention blasphemous to try to attain things for the self. Any kind of achievements that are related to one â€Å"getting ahead† in life is not the norm in small communities. Rather, it is the importance of community that encapsulates one’s decisions—not the self-promotion and self-egotistical self-centeredness that is so evident in many W estern cultures. This self-centeredness is puzzling not only because one knows one can â€Å"never have enough,† but this incessant search in the quest for one’s self-fulfillment—demonstrated in Western culture—is tantamount to blasphemy. In a small town somewhere off the beaten path, this kind of behavior would never be tolerated. This is because, in essence, in the cultures of many nations that are less-developed or not developed at all, community is a big part of who people are. These humble people who grew up with small beginnings are not willing to sell out their communities for fame. It is just not in their natures. What is in human nature, however—which apparently shows up more in Western cultures than not—is this idea of instant gratification and the search for self-actualization that is not found in many places that are rural where the people have less education and

Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Risk Management - Essay Example To do this, the airline embarks on several risk management processes. It is not surprising therefore that for all but the second year of operation Emirates Airlines have recorded profits and growth that always span above 20% (CNN Money, 2005). The airline has recorded a profit every year, except the second, and growth has never fallen below 20% a year. In its first 11 years, it doubled in size every 3.5 years, and has every four years since Current Risk Management Process In the view of Tatum (2011), Risk management is a logical process or approach that seeks to eliminate or at least minimize the level of risk associated with a business operation. Kolakowski (2011) posits that â€Å"risk management is concerned with identifying and measuring the risks faced by the firm.† This makes risk management more of a preventive venture than a curative one. In light of this, the Risk Management Magazine (2011) argues that, most airlines have their risk management undertaken by the intern al audit department. Risk management undertaken by companies varies in scope. Some of the commonest identified scopes of risk management include financial risk and field risk. With particular emphasis on the Emirates Airlines and other aviation services, special emphasis are laid on risk associated with staff and customer safety of customers and staff when talking about risk management. Commenting on a typically workable risk management model for airlines, the Risk Management Magazine (2006) outlines nine areas that airlines could look out for in their risk management exercises. These nines models are â€Å"station size, last audit date, last management change, prior audit report rating, compliance with submitting inventory reports, promptness of remitting funds, promptness of submitting sales reports, magnitude of unreported sales (passengers flown for which the ticket sale was not located), and magnitude of discrepancies with local disbursements† (Goepfert, 2006). Still wri ting on management process for airlines, the International Air Transport Association (2010) outlines areas that airlines may consider in their risk management efforts. According to the association, â€Å"Crew fatigue has typically been controlled by a simple set of prescriptive rules concerning flight time limitations (FTL) and flight duty limitations (FDL).† These model, when carefully followed by airlines guarantees financial returns as well as employee and customer safety. Such safety assured among customer also goes a long way to promote a continued business relations with the airline and invariable ensures profitability for the company. Risk Management Problems Like in every other human endeavor, undertaking a useful measure towards the growth of a company does not come easily. In an attempt to ensuring risk management, there certain challenges that the management of Emirates Airline encounters. First and foremost, there is the problem of defining potential risk. Brodzin ski (2006) notes that the definition to a risk too general. This is to say that in an organization such as an airline where there are certainly many managers in charge of the risk management business of the organization, coming to a consensus about what to include in the risk management plan of the organization always becomes the first and most challenging task. This is because what may seem to be a potential risk to manager ‘A’ may not seem a risk to manager ‘B’. It should however take the identification of a problem before any further action on

How Things Have Changed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How Things Have Changed - Essay Example As a result, this prompts them to identify affordable public housing that can accommodate their social-cultural and economic conditions and realities such as low income and the need for a better job. Alternatively, the provision of healthcare is an illustration of how things have changed for most NYC people as compared to the Working-class New York era. By agitating for the improved health care services especially the adequate distribution of welfare amenities in different cities spread across the state, the labor force demonstrates the need for consulted dialogue (Wilentz 122). However, these goals and objectives are only obtainable through the development and integration of liberal attitudes that have hugely influenced most of the working people around NYC. Change has also permeated into people in terms of the demoralization of vital ideas that enabled others to question the poor urban planning that has caused the increase of ghettos and collapse of moral values. The illusion is eq ually a critical element in the overall transformation of working people in NYC. It is because it has hindered them from projecting their future and setting a moral benchmark of achieving certain goals and objectives. Studies affirm this to the shifting demographics of age and technology that continues to ravage the fabric of New York State Society. Age, for example, causes an imbalance in the working people of this state because the elders, middle age, and the youth hold varying moral and social aspirations in life.

Labor and The Civil War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Labor and The Civil War - Essay Example This demands laid in the constitution went unattended since African America slavery grew once again mainly in the southern part of U.S.A. Among the major reasons for slavery reinvigoration were cotton gin discovery and its consequent spreading (Shapiro, 17). Such is the case that this machine permitted southern farmers to cultivate a variety of cotton, short staple, which thrived in the Deep South climate. Even with such an invention, the farmers still experienced another major problem with regard to removing seeds from cotton fibers. A later invention of the Eli Whitney’s gin offered solved this problem and even made it more economical. Following this, many planters in the south got attracted to cotton growing, a factor that increased labor demand. During this time, cotton growing was labor intensive, and African Americans became the main target to supply the labor. A day in the life of a slave would commonly constitute long working hours on the farm. When considering a field hand, working day would always begin just before dawn and last until the sun sets, usually with a lunch break of about two-hours. African Americans lacked control over working as they worked under strict supervision, constantly threatened with physical punishment by their supervisors. Indeed, even with the most kind hearted slave owner, the slaves still missed that very fundamental gift of every human being, â€Å"freedom† The better part of the period preceding Civil war, majority of the planters employed physical violence not only to boost productivity but also maintain labor discipline (Shapiro, 60). Certainly, the nature of work in the cotton field demanded lots of endurance and slaveholders understood this. Consequently they employed force and threats of force to persuade their slaves to endure the gruesome demands of cotton growing in the south. Colonial farmers forced their enslaved servants that included the elderly, children and pregnant

Week 7 discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Week 7 discussion - Essay Example Moreover, the process of teaching writing skills to kindergarten students is not random or haphazard; instead, it entails a structured, systematic procedure. Development of phonemic awareness represents the first step; whereby, students learn about phonemes, which are the basic sound units and crucial to spelling and writing different words (learning of sound-symbol relationship). The second step entails teaching children how to hold writing materials, and how to space letters appropriately. The following advanced stages entail prompting the students to generate ideas mentally and represent them in short sentences that later add up to a paragraph. For example, a teacher might ask students to talk about what and who constitute their family. During the earlier stages, teachers delegate limited autonomy to the students; however, in the advanced stages, they relinquish autonomy to the students (Mumford, 2009). Mumford, P. (2009, March 23). Teaching Writing in Kindergarten: A Structured Approach to Daily Writing That Helps Every Child Become a Confident, Capable Writer by Randee Bergen. Retrieved from National Writing Project:

Reflective Teaching in Teaching and Learning or Chilldren's Literature Research Proposal

Reflective Teaching in Teaching and Learning or Chilldren's Literature in Victorian Period for Teaching in Singapore - Research Proposal Example Overtime, other philosophers have become instrumental in developing the theory of reflective practice and among those notable are John Dewey (1933) and David Schon (1983). Dewey, much influenced by the Progressive Era of his time, employs the scientific process of generating and testing hypothesis as vital components to reflective thinking. Half a century later, David Schon revolutionised the concept of reflective practice emphasising the importance of context and experiential knowledge for continuous improvement. The integration of ideas from these two theorists is evident in current reflective practice literature. Reflective practice is borne out of the basic premise that changes in an organization starts within each individual. It is regarded as a â€Å"meaningful and effective professional development strategy† (Osterman and Kottkamp, 2004, p. 1). Although the goal remains synonymous (the development of individual competencies leading to improved organizational performance), reflective practice offers an alternative approach to traditional professional development approaches. The emergence of reflective practice in the educational setting, as discussed by Osterman and Kottkamp (2004), was a response to the failure of educational reforms to effectively address the need of academically and socially preparing students to meet the challenges of a rapidly changing world. Educators on a daily basis â€Å"routinely juggle multiple tasks, process information on many levels, manage a continual stream of interruptions, and make on-the-spot decisions to meet the changing needs and demands in the teaching environment† (York-Barr et al., 2006, p. 2). Though teachers are guided by their knowledge, a significant margin of uncertainty accompanies their practice as a result of unpredictable circumstances that require spontaneous responses. The reflective practice

Week 7 discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Week 7 discussion - Essay Example Moreover, the process of teaching writing skills to kindergarten students is not random or haphazard; instead, it entails a structured, systematic procedure. Development of phonemic awareness represents the first step; whereby, students learn about phonemes, which are the basic sound units and crucial to spelling and writing different words (learning of sound-symbol relationship). The second step entails teaching children how to hold writing materials, and how to space letters appropriately. The following advanced stages entail prompting the students to generate ideas mentally and represent them in short sentences that later add up to a paragraph. For example, a teacher might ask students to talk about what and who constitute their family. During the earlier stages, teachers delegate limited autonomy to the students; however, in the advanced stages, they relinquish autonomy to the students (Mumford, 2009). Mumford, P. (2009, March 23). Teaching Writing in Kindergarten: A Structured Approach to Daily Writing That Helps Every Child Become a Confident, Capable Writer by Randee Bergen. Retrieved from National Writing Project:

The Good of Diversity Essay Example for Free

The Good of Diversity Essay Ever you compare your culture with the other culture? There are some cultures that have a lot of similarities that make the culture hard to be differentiated. If we talk about culture, means that we talk about communities. In this world there are a lot of communities. Every community that lives in different place need to adapt with their surroundings in order to life, that adaptation process automatically makes their culture different and unique from the other communities. One member of a community maybe will not aware about that uniqueness, but when they go outside he community to the new community with different surrounding, they start to know and aware the diverse of the culture. I am one of those who experienced that kind of thing. Since I was small, I life in the middle of community that embrace a certain culture. As time goes by, I grew up and should get out of that community because the place I grew up cannot accommodate my needs anymore. And when I go outside of my community I have to meet a lot of people from different culture. Especially in Indonesia, a country with a lot of ethnic with their own uniqueness, of course it will e hard to interact with some people that have different culture in order to keep the harmonization. To keep that harmonization between people that have different culture is one of the purposes of the existence of cultural diversity as a part of learning subject in some multicultural educational institution. In this globalization era, people have to open minded to accept and respect the differences of the other people even though that people is different from us. It is because if we cannot accept and respect that every cultures are diverse, it will hard for us to continue our life. In order to fulfill our daily needs we need to interact with the other people. For example in the work place, now a days it will hard for us to find any company that embrace the monoculture in their company. So, to prepare people to face their future, cultural diversity subject is being taught in President University. After taking cultural diversity course, I become more aware about the uniqueness of some cultures that exist in the president university, learn how to act in front of diverse people and how to use that iversity for a better result when we work together. The first advantage that I get from taking cultural diversity course is I become more aware that every culture has its own uniqueness. That is right than every culture is different, but that differences is not something bad to know and learn. There are reason why that culture should be like the way it is. That is one thing that I get from culture diversity subject. If I meet with some people that have different culture, at first maybe I will feel uncomfortable when I interact with them. After I know the reason why the like that, I start to respect their culture even I also started to feel interested to learn more about the others culture. So before I know the reason why the other culture does something a bit unacceptable for me, I will not Judge it as a bad culture. The secondly, I also learn how to act in front of people that different culture with me. I know that there are some actions that I must not do in front of another people that have different culture with me because not every action can be acceptable for them. So thats why, I always be careful to choose my action and word in front of them, so I need to learn about their habit first. For example, if I speak with a Javanese, I will not speak too to the po nt. I is because it I speak too to the point and witn a loud voice, they will teel we offend them. So, I need to speak softly and with a long speech. The last advantage is I learn how to use that diversity to get a better result when I work together with some people that have different culture with me. There are always een a purpose why God make every culture different and unique. That purpose is to cover each other weakness when we work as a team, Just like a puzzle. Every piece of puzzle have its own shape that different from piece of puzzle, but if that pieces putted in the right place they will complete the picture. Just like in the society, every person come from different culture that make them have different habit and specialty. If that people find the right place and the right group, surely they will con cover each other weakness with their own uniqueness as their strength. That also means that that diversity can be used as a way to bring people from different culture together. As the conclusion, we know that every culture is different and unique. That unique will show up because the community needs to adapt with their surroundings. Then when they go outside the community, they will aware that every community has its own culture. It is also hard for the member from a certain community to keep the harmonization with the others because of those differences. That is the reason why he cultural diversity becomes one important subject to learned. By learning that subject, we also prepare ourselves to face the globalization era. I also get some advantage by learning this subject. That advantages are I become more aware and respect about the uniqueness of every cultures. I also learn abot how to act in front of a diverse group of people. The last advantage is I know that that diversity can be used to get a better result when we work together. So, by lean cultural diversity I learn how to face my future in this globalization era.

Narratives and Memory Work by Nick Rowe | Analysis

Narratives and Memory Work by Nick Rowe | Analysis Aengus Donald A 1000 word review of one of the recommended chapters or articles. Students will choose a chapter or article from one of the prescribed texts, and write a review of the content, as understood by the student in terms of: the writer’s intent, the psychodramatic theory, and its application to practise. Response: Review of Chapter 4: Narratives and Memory Work, by Nick Rowe (2007). Playing the Other: Dramatizing Personal Narratives in Playback Theatre Rowe explores the relationship between memory, narrative and the self and reminds the reader that the audience’s stories are what make up the curiosities that are enacted out in front of them. Rowe personally opens up by sharing a story about his father’s death. This vulnerable space that Rowe sits in allows for resonance and connection with the reader, whilst informing them that that the story is the basis of discussion in this chapter. His actual experience of physically writing the story down years after his father’s death is shared with the reader as a very balanced moment in his life. Drawing on research in the fields of psychology, philosophy and psychotherapy, Rowe intends to compare and contrast different aspects of memory, narrative and the self to show the breadth, depth and scope of the subjects. Rowe proposes that it is misleading to conceptualize playback theatre as a mirror of the essence of a protagonist’s subjective narrative. This is because it denies ‘the relational, negotiated and context-rich’ (Rowe) aspects of Playback theatre as well as negating the humanness of the performers, protagonist, and conductors. Actors may have different responses to the narrative than the protagonist. Actors may have incongruent obstacles of their own. Being present to the essence of the storyline and then responding on the stage set by the director, protagonist and audience members can occur on any range or scale of response. Rowe proposes to utilize a model of a ‘cumulative process of mediation’ in which each time a narrative is retold, the protagonist or client creates and refines the expression of the phenomenological and subjective content of the narrative. MacIntyre proposes that the most efficacious source of â€Å"intelligibility† for human beings is received through narrative, which he believes is the human identity’s organizing principle. If this were the case according to Rowe, every known thing would be spoken into existence, which I relate to the opening creation passage of the bible. I feel that if this was the case, we would be our own gods and all words would be the words of gods. Rowe would sooner agree not with MacIntyre’s notion, but with Griemas’ idea that â€Å"Narrative structures do not exist per se, but are a mere moment in the generation of signification†. Griemas’ school of thought leans more toward meaning making, than MacIntyre’s idea of instantaneously announcing manifestations of life experience. Barclay presents the idea that ‘autobiographical remembering is largely an improvisational act’, played out by ‘protoselves’. This makes me feel that there is simultaneously room for both meaning making and calling experience into existence, and perhaps one can’t exist without the other. Barclay’s work also makes me wonder if we completely embody these ‘protoselves’ when we are being truly spontaneous. Lyotard presents that the idea of self is not one of individual singularity in a world of increasing billions of other individuals, but more so of each human as a nodal point in an growing pool of specific communication circuits. Lyotard sees the self as ‘first and foremost, a practical project of everyday life’ (Holstein and Gubrium, 1995) and it is never a completed object. In Playback theatre people are invited to perform their stories and witness the enactment. This halters the teller’s self-creation process when the control of the protagonist’s enactment has been handed over to the actors. The conductors questioning in Playback allows the events to emerge. Rowe does not believe that this is â€Å"rewriting the self† (Freeman 1993). Vocal language is a primary technique of narrative in playback. Utilizing and encouraging other expressive methods such as â€Å"acoustic, visual, spatial and theatrical images can significantly extend the teller’s memory work† (Rowe). In the section â€Å"Poetry drugs the dragon of disbelief†, Rowe writes that subsequent re-telling of a narrative emphasises an aspect of the story that leads to the question: â€Å"Can we ever trust memory?† (Rowe). Re-enactments through Playback theatre may contribute to the fictionalization of actually false aspects of the memory; in Rowe’s case this is the Red Dress, which turned out to be pink. â€Å"On the borderline of life and death, the colour must be red – pink will just not do† (Rowe). Donald Spence writes of the therapist being engaged as rather â€Å"a pattern maker than a pattern finder in an artistic struggle† (Spence 1982). Enabling people to sit in acceptance of their narrative and themes explored through language and movement is the task of the therapist. I personally resonate a lot with Spence’s notion of making patterns as opposed to finding them. It is much more creative than reductionist in it’s approach. Vocal language has its limitations. As people’s traumas can lie buried within tissues and sinew (Rowe), they may need to be expressed through movement and dance. This may assist to bring traumas to vocalisation, or can be experienced or witnessed as pre-verbal expression. Rowe warns therapists to be as aware as possible of potential body, personal and cultural memories that may arise in sensitive group work. Rowe agrees with Kristeva in that a text can’t possibly be ‘a hermitically sealed unit existing independently on other texts’. This ‘intertextuality’ emphasises the significance of relationships between all aspects of inter-personal and intra-personal narrative. A field of open possibility allows for relationships between different texts and aspects of self to be connected through a paradox of self-definition on the one hand and re-negotiating relationships with both the audience and conductor on the other hand. This point of vulnerability allows the teller to be moulded and evaluated by the group or society at large. The stories that are enacted can have a transformative effect on the audience as well as the teller, creating a group felt shift. Annette Kuhn suggests that public and private memory show to be less separable than has been commonly believed. In this idea, what affects the protagonist is more than likely to affect the audience. Phillips presents the idea that ‘the only good translation is the one that invites retranslation; the one that doesn’t want to be verified so much as altered (Philips 2002).’ This philosophy reminds me of Nietzsche’s attempts at self criticisms. If a translation is hailed as the One True translation, narratives will never be able to be dynamic or interact without eventually going stagnant, but will exist as, as Rowe puts it, ‘a new, but never final, version’. ‘Perhaps call it play-forward theatre?’ asks Rowe, expanding on his theme of an ever-evolving reality of expressive experience.

Understanding Modernist Writing Essay -- essays research papers

Around 1906, modernist writing was used, but did not yet have a name. James Joyce was the first person to write in a modernist way. It was not until later that the name modernism was established. It was mainly involved with language and how it is used. Modernism is known as a result of the struggle families went through during a certain period of time. Many other authors use modernism in a similar way. To fully understand modernist poetry, a definition and a break down is needed. Modernism is better known as a reflection of historical events. During the time period of 1890-1910, many issues came about in society. Over these twenty years, Americans had massive amounts of change. For example, World War I was beginning and the Industrial Revolution was escalating. It was also the period when cars appeared and there were also massive cultural shifts. For example, John Steinbeck writes about Americans fleeing to California in search of jobs in the novel The Grapes of Wrath. Under a combination of historical pressure such as these, writers came to respect literature as an explanation for an individual life. Modern assembly lines emerged, producing material in mass amounts. Although less educated individuals were able to get jobs, they were treated very poorly. This period reduced the population’s self-confidence severely. Essentially citizens moved down in the ranks between 1890-1910. Modernist writing is known for being hard to comprehend. John Steinbeck is content with people not understanding his books. For example, The Grapes of Wrath is confusing because he claims it is â€Å"A book about the public, not for the public†. (Steinbeck 128) He writes about events that happened to the citizens in depth. Steinbeck is reacting to t... ...s, they have their own writing style which sets them apart. The large cultural wave of modernism emerged in Europe. The same wave traveled to the United States in the early years of the 19th century. Modernism generally expressed a sense of modern life through poetry. Modern life appeared very different from traditional life. It was faster with more science and technology. Modernism settled these changes. Modernism helps readers understand and looker deeper into a writer’s work. The reader is able to analyze and breakdown the authors story. The author also has a point of view which also can be broken down. For example, T.S. Eliot in the â€Å"Wasteland†, leaves parts of the story to the reader’s imagination. This gives an opportunity to the reader to create an opinion of there own. This writing style is more involving and it is different from the ordinary technique.

Mental Disorders Essay -- science

Mental Disorders The term mental disorder means psycological and behavioral syndromes that deviate signicantly from those typical of human beings enjoying good mental health. All that mumbo jumbo means that a person with a mental disorder was a few cards short of a full deck. This is probably not the persons fault that they are like this they were just born this way. These people are not all a like. They are not even in exact classes because all of the classes have not been seperated yet. In most cases a normal person that has no disorders is afraid of these type of people. This is because they do not want to turn out the way these people are. A common example of a mental disorder is down syndrome. There was a television program in the early 90's that featured a boy that had to live with this terrifying disorder. This show was very inspirational for all people with disorders. The boy's name was Corky who fought all aspects of the disorder. Them being from physical triumphs to just everyday kids harrassing him at school. The show was taken off the air in 1993 because of sponsers. Records of types of disorders are unknown along with many of other records of treatments to people inflicted with a disorder. This is mainly because in the early 1900's people thought that people with disorders were just stupid and they did not investigate further into the matter. The quanity of people that have a disorder is unknown. There is an estimated guess that 15% of the U.S. population has some sort of disorder but that is not factual. This is because the survey people only can estimate from the people who check theirselves into a institution, the ones who do so make up 3% of the 15% estimation. The U.S. in 1990 spent an estimated 148 billion on treating mental diorders. Childhood Disorders Several Mental disorders are evident first in infancy, childhood, and adolescence. Mental retardation is characterized by the inability to learn normally and to become as an independent and socially responsible as others of the same age in the same culture. A retarded person go through a lot of emotional problems because of the society making fun of these people. A retarded person has an IQ of less than 70. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder includes conditions marked by inappropiate lack of attention, by impulsiveness, and by hyperactivity, in which the child ... ...son go through a lot of emotional problems because of the society making fun of these people. A retarded person has an IQ of less than 70. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder includes conditions marked by inappropiate lack of attention, by impulsiveness, and by hyperactivity, in which the child has difficulty organizing and completing work, is unable to stick to activities or follow directions, and is excessively restless. Anxiety disorder include fear of leaving home and parents, excessive shrinking from contact with strangers, and excessive, unfocused worrying and fearful behavior. Persuasive developement disorders are characterized by distortions in several psychological functions, such as attention, perception, reality testing, and motor movement. An example is infantile autism, a condition marked by unresponsiveness to other people, bizarre responses, and gross inability to communicate to the others in the world. Paranoid Disorder The central feature of the paranoid disorders in a persons dilusion, for instance that he or she is being persecuted or conspored against. In other form, the dilusion consists of unreasonsably jealousy. the person maybe r

How Works Electoral College

Write an essay that explains how the Electoral College works. How does the Electoral College shape the strategy of candidates? Why is it harder to win presidential elections post 1968? Every four years, on the Tuesday following the first Monday of November, millions of U. S. citizens go to local voting booths to elect, among other officials, the next president and vice president of their country. Their votes will be recorded and counted, and winners will be declared.But the results of the popular vote are not guaranteed to stand because the Electoral College has not cast its vote. thinking of the 2000 U. S. presidential election — Gore won the popular vote (more Americans voted for him), but Bush actually won the presidency, because he was awarded the majority of the votes in the Electoral College. The Electoral College consists of the popularly elected representatives (electors) who formally elect the President and Vice President of the United States. Since 1964, there have b een 538 electors in each presidential election. 1] Article II, Section 1, Clause 2 of the Constitution specifies how many electors each state is entitled to have and that each state's legislature decides how its electors are to be chosen. U. S. territories are not represented in the Electoral College. The Electoral College is an example of an indirect election. The election for President and Vice President is not a direct election by United States citizens. Citizens vote for electors, representing a state, who are the authorized constitutional participants in a presidential election.The Twelfth Amendment provides for each elector to cast one vote for President and one vote for Vice President. The final electors for each state are voted on by the state's residents on voting day Today, a candidate must receive 270 of the 538 votes to win the election. In cases where no candidate wins a majority of electoral votes, the decision is thrown to the House of Representatives by virtue of the 12th Amendment. The House then selects the president by majority vote with each state delegation receiving one vote to cast for the three candidates who received the most electoral votes.Electoral College is a block, or weighed, voting system that is designed to give more power to the states with more votes, but allows for small states to swing an election, as happened in 1876. Under this system, each state is assigned a specific number of votes that is proportional to its population, so that each state's power is representative of its population. So, while winning the popular vote may not ensure a candidate's victory, a candidate must gain popular support of a particular state to win the votes in that state.The goal of any candidate is to put together the right combination of states that will give him or her 270 electoral votes. In 2000, as the election approached, some observers thought that Bush, interestingly also the son of a former president, could win the popular vote, but t hat his opponent, Gore, could win the Electoral College vote because Gore was leading in certain big states, such as California, New York and Pennsylvania. In the end, Gore secured the popular vote, but Bush won by securing the majority of votes in the Electoral College.The United States presidential election of 1968 was the 46th quadrennial United States presidential election. It was a wrenching national experience, conducted against a backdrop that included the assassination of civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. and subsequent race riots across the nation, the assassination of presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy, widespread demonstrations against the Vietnam War across American university and college campuses, and violent confrontations between police and anti-war protesters at the 1968 Democratic National Convention.On November 5, 1968, the Republican nominee, former Vice President Richard Nixon won the election over the Democratic nominee, Vice President Hubert Hum phrey. Nixon ran on a campaign that promised to restore â€Å"law and order†. Some consider the election of 1968 a realigning election that permanently disrupted the New Deal Coalition that had dominated presidential politics for 36 years. It was also the last election in which two opposing candidates were vice-presidents

Media Studies Review

What theorists say about their theory and how It relates to mass media – only 1 theorist Flag Two basic elements In any mass communication Channel Is way by which message goes from sender to receiver Noise Interferes with the channel static out of range, Interference etc. This kind of communication Is almost never one way Feedback goes back to sender – positive or negative Profit motivates all mass communication Problem is: Noise is more than static though – there is competition, resistant Feedback isn't really passive like she saysCan be adapted, ignored, changed, sabotage it, undermine it Mclean – how his theory explains mass media Defines a medium In the broadest possible way Something In the middle, connects one thing to another It extends our senses Ex writing on the board Im extending my words to a visual thing The message has an impact regardless, the message defines itself Fundamental undermined thing is the way I present a message not what I say Q uestionable Structures imposed by the medium define the message Way we send, receive, interact, creates the rules Sometimes medium actually creates the content Ex. Loophole to ask if mom wants milk, wouldn't do that if we had to go to a payphone Because medium extends our senses and controls what's being broadcasted, said or done – medium changes us b/c we have phones, we behave differently that those without telephones we aren't aware of the process we become subject to anything It does to us – we become pawns of technology Unaware b/c we don't see the process Like Mclean does Even if we are aware of it, doesn't mean we'll react to it Criticism Instrumentalist – too much emphasis on one element Says technology is the only thing that mattersOpacity – difficult to understand him Berger Totally different, practical and hands on theorist He uses textual analysis to break down what is going on in the message Need to look at the message itself Even in a given medium we make decisions on what we watch/interact with and what we don't That shows there Is a deference Even though we're exposed to the same thing repeatedly, we see things differently each time Suggests threes something complex about the way we understand things 4 functions of text Checking the weather Objective – creating one's own reality Cartoons, any invented and artificial view of the worldExpressive – the artist's moods, the individual feelings Mimetic – imitates real life Convention vs.. Invention Fit the mold and don't do anything different vs.. Creating something new and original Reinforcing vs.. Hellenizing 8 things for analysis Marx Capital explained society Everything came down to labor and how much it was worth Had to be an industrial society of 3 classes: Capitalists – greedy, demand more money and push middle class to lower class Bourgeoisie Proletarians – going to be pushed farther down because of false consciousness (buying thi ngs they wanton) Commodity fetishism – need unnecessary things – peps proletariat falsely conscious Religion is used to deceive and keep them marching to the capitals How does it relate to Mass Media What is used to create the false consciousness by the Capitalists Fits in with Bias – it's all related to profit Use mass media to profit because they own the big companies and advertise their products for commodity fetishism Mass Media exception – the internet and social media – where capital messages might not be completely controlled; in marks time handing out pamphlets to get messages across Broodier Agreed with Marx but didn't think economic capital was the only factory Believed in hemolytic capital – culture capital, social capital, prestige, education.

Macbeth and Animal Farm Essay

Both Shakespeare and Orwell present rivals as threats to their leaders’ power. Shakespeare introduces this threat through the Witches in Act 1, scene 3 when the third witch announces that Banquo ‘shall get kings’. In Macbeth’s soliloquy in Act 3, scene 2, the audience is reminded that he is predisposed with maintaining his power, now that he has become king, and illustrates that Banquo was announced as a ‘father to a line of kings’. The audience assumes that Macbeth is infertile as he feels he is unable to produce an heir as he expresses his ‘fruitless crown’ and his ‘barren sceptre’ and seems quite indignant that Banquo’s will profit from ‘the  gracious Duncan’ that he has murdered. It appears that Shakespeare is justifying Macbeth’s ruthless ambition and want to maintain power, which puts Macbeth into darker depths by having Banquo and Fleance murdered, by his lack of an heir. Similarly, the audience is provided by Snowball as the rival to Napoleon’s absolute power in his introduction to the character in Chapter 2. Orwell tells the reader he ‘was a more vivacious pig than Napoleon’, setting him up immediately in competition His description goes on to describe him as ‘quicker in speech and more inventive ‘. This is proven when he emerges later in Chapter 4 as the brave hero of the Battle of the Cowshed after which we see him awarded with the military decoration of ‘Animal Hero First Class’ while the reader realizes Napoleon seems to be conspicuous in his absence. Moreover, Snowball invents plans for the windmill and Orwell outlines all his creative ideas in his committees and therefore Napoleon clearly makes plans to expel him from the farm. The key difference between Shakespeare and Orwell’s presentations is that we witness Macbeth’s thought processes and plans while Orwell keeps the reader in the dark yet offers them clues that Napoleon is not to be trusted. It comes as no surprise to the reader in Chapter 5 when Napoleon unleashes his personally educated dogs, who represent Stalin’s secret police, on Snowball. Both leaders maintain power by eradicating any competition. http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/compare-contrast-impact-conflict-napoleon-macbeth-372660 http://www.gradesaver.com/animal-farm/q-and-a/explore-the-ways-george-orwell-and-william-shakespeare-present-conflict-in-animal-farm-macbeth-51453/ http://prezi.com/f41ewhbheqdv/animal-farm-vs-macbeth/ Comparisons between characters: Lady Macbeth, Macbeth and Napoleon all use others to further themselves. Lady Macbeth takes advantage over Macbeth by persuading him to kill Duncan so she can have more power. Napoleon uses Squealer to take advantage of the other animals by making them their slaves and being made to believe all Napoleon’s decisions are best for the farm. Both Napoleon and Macbeth become power hungry which turns into a negative effect, both use violence to gain power by installing fear into people Macbeth’s hunger for power causes him to  murder many innocent people and eventually leads to him downfall. Napoleon’s hunger for power causes him to use excessive force and make the animals do slave labor. -both Napoleon and Macbeth represent Stalin Differences: One is a play, one is a novel M written in 1606 when James 1 was in power in England (birth of the Stuart regime) AF was published in August 1945 after the Russian Revolution of 1917 + predicted the Cold War. Throughout both ‘Macbeth’ and ‘Animal Farm’ the audience can see a large amount of deceit, treachery and a lack of trust between the leaders’ and their followers. Shakespeare shows this deceit in Macbeth’s relationship with other characters where he hides his true feelings and ‘is here in double trust’. However, the audience is privy to the true thoughts of Macbeth and his wife due to their plotting in Act 1, scene 5 where Lady Macbeth tells Macbeth to ‘look like th’innocent flower/ But be the serpent under’t’ and which creates dramatic irony during the play. Similarly, Orwell’s novella ‘Animal Farm’ uses dramatic irony as the audience can see that the pigs are manipulating the animals into slave labor and although the audience is not made privy to Napoleon’s innermost thoughts, we can still see past the animals’ lack of intelligence to see the pigs are re-writing the 7 C ommandments.